Chapter 8
(1950~1980)
In March 1990, university students and civic groups converged at Taipei’s Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall to protest that—even after martial law ended—presidential elections were still determined by so-called “eternal legislators.” The demonstration later became known as the March Student Movement, or Wild Lily Movement.
(Taiwan Shinsheng Daily / Academia Historica)
On March 23, 1996, when many people in Taiwan walked into polling stations, they may have felt that they were making history. That day marked the island’s first direct presidential election, with over 10 million people venturing out to cast their votes.International media from around the world arrived, drawn by curiosity about this seemingly improbable emerging democratic nation.
敗退來臺的國民黨政權，便揭櫫反共旗幟、架空憲政民主，動員臺灣人民對抗外部的共產敵人與內部的叛亂份子。國家的力量操控著敵我的二分界線，而人民與國家，甚至人民之間的關係也愈發緊張壓抑。
1
Under the Shadow of Empire
On August 23, 1958, the Chinese Communist forces bombarded Kinmen, prompting civilians and military personnel to launch a movement supporting the front lines.
(Collection of the Taiwan Film and Audiovisual Institute / Open Museum)
我在東犬期間發生過這樣一起烏龍事件：陸軍某單位調駐東犬第一天夜裡，交卸了衛兵任務的一位士兵，因為地形不熟或因為緊張，竟然找不到自己的碉堡，他沿著壕溝亂走，陰錯陽差到了海邊。他發覺情況不對，直覺向上走。這時剛接衛兵的人，朦朧中發覺有人從海邊上來，以為是「水鬼」來摸哨，立即扣動扳機，把他的鄰兵就這樣擊斃了。
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Yet, the presidential election was not simply a tale of triumph and jubilation. On the eve of the 1996 election, the specter of war loomed over the Taiwan Strait.
In July 1995, Lee Teng-hui—then the incumbent president—visited the United States and delivered a speech entitled “Always in My Heart” at his alma mater, Cornell University, where he elaborated on Taiwan’s evolving democratic journey. The People’s Republic of China (PRC)—which has long sought to annex Taiwan since it defeated the Kuomintang during the Chinese Civil War in 1949, prompting the latter to flee to the island—responded vehemently by launching a series of military exercises near the Taiwan Strait.A year before the incident, a best-selling book titled The August of Leap Year 1995 had swept through Taiwanese society.
The book detailed a hypothetical plan and process for a Chinese Communist invasion of Taiwan. According to the author, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had long planted operatives in Taiwan, waiting for the day of the presidential election—dubbed "T-Day Zero Hour"—to initiate a coordinated coup from both inside and out, seizing control of Taiwan in one fell swoop.
在戰地政務下，許多重要物資如油料，都受到國家的統一管制分配。圖為馬祖莒光的物資供應處。（連江縣志 / 連江縣政府文化處）
金門瓊林是典型的戰鬥村體制，強調「人人是戰鬥員，村村是戰鬥堡」的原則。村中建有民防坑道與防空洞，生活空間本身也同樣被軍事化。（金門縣政府）
軍事動員性質的標語，在彼時的離島社區中無處不在。這些標語的存在，也意味著國家將意識形態深植於地方社會的蹤跡。（rheins / CC BY-SA 3.0 / Wikimedia Commons）
金門特約茶室展示館。軍中樂園正式名稱為軍中特約茶室，是國軍於冷戰期間，在本島、離島軍事據點設立的官方公妓。（Atlasmotor / CC BY-SA 3.0 / Wikimedia Commons）
有時，一水之隔的海峽對岸，同樣影響著這兩座島嶼的生活日常。
學者宋怡明（Michael Szonyi）指出，國民黨政權對金門、馬祖的政策是為了回應中國紊亂的時局。
例如1960 年代，中國的大躍進方針失敗，國民黨藉機在金門推出兼具軍事動員與政治宣傳的效果的「三民主義模範縣」計畫；1968 年，金門局勢再度緊張，國民黨更實施戰鬥村計畫，加強戰備與民防工作。
2
A History of Bitterness
1979年，臺灣光復三十週年大會後，臺北市陽明國中學生手持孫中山、蔣中正、嚴家淦肖像遊行慶祝。留著平頭的男學生在政治動員下，於現代且商業化的街道中行進，個人的主體性被消弭，成為國家集體的一件工具，一種符號。
In 1964, the same year that Peng Ming-min published the “Declaration of Formosan Self-Salvation,” the exiled Taiwanese intellectual Wang Yu-de, living in Japan, published the book Taiwan: A History of Bitterness in Japanese. This book was not published in Taiwan until many years later, but it had already been translated and circulated privately, as it resonated deeply with many Taiwanese exiles who shared his experience of displacement.
Bitterness and misery, tears and sweat—in those repressive times, such narratives often became the primary framework for understanding Taiwan's history. But, is Taiwan's history solely one of suffering?
警方抓捕蔡遠東是依據《違警罰法》（1943-1991），該法賦予警察拘留、申誡與罰鍰的權力，司法機關無法介入，當事者也難以尋求行政救濟。在《違警罰法》的授權之下1，警方可取締遊蕩無賴行跡不檢者、奇裝異服有礙風化者。
1.《違警罰法》後被大法官兩度宣告違憲，於 1991年 廢除，改立《社會秩序維護法》。
被警察拘留的蔡遠東，穿著花香港衫及窄褲管西裝褲、剪平頭、穿木屐，在在挑戰了當時社會的性別穿著想像。（聯合報）
所謂的遊蕩無賴，包括了深夜遊蕩、夜宿車站等；奇裝異服有礙風化者，則包含女性穿著暴露、男性的鬍子過長或頭髮「前長過耳、後過頸，有囚首之感」。臺大教授王文興便曾遭警察取締，被訓斥傷風敗俗，沒資格為人師表，甚至被迫在警局剃髮。
時任省主席謝東閔視察潮州高中的男同學們。在戒嚴時期，男學生理平頭是官方的硬性規定，也是當時莘莘學子最鮮明的外觀特徵。（《謝東閔副總統文物》 / 國史館）
而在基層的中學校內，男學生必須理平頭，女學生兩側頭髮僅可留到耳下一公分。教官時常拿著量尺、剃刀在校門口進行檢查，也使得小平頭、西瓜皮髮型成為當時學生的共同記憶。
花蓮女中的女學生合照。相較之下，女學生的髮禁規定更為瑣碎，比如瀏海要用髮夾夾住、兩側髮長能剛好蓋住耳朵等。（國立花蓮女子高級中學 / CC BY-SA 3.0 / 國家文化記憶庫）
國家以維持善良風俗之名，管控、約束象徵著主體展現的身體外表，身體不自由也連帶影響了個人的創見與想像力，如同井水中只會出現淡淡的、轉瞬即逝的漣漪、波痕，而無法成為潮流。
從 1949 年戒嚴令頒布，到 1992 年修訂《刑法》第 100 條為止，這段被稱為白色恐怖時期。除了身體控管，國民黨政府更監控著人民的政治思想，禁止集會結社與箝制言論自由。
